Hi Jane... sigh, how to teach the above values? I don't think there is a surefire way. I guess being there for them, establishing clear boundaries when they are young and continuing to enforce them as they grow will definitely help.
I used to be in Discipline... and I would say that the ones who have problems, 9 out of 10 times, come from problematic homes. Homes where the basic structure has fallen apart, where parents don't behave like parents, or who cannot see beyond the end of their own noses. The worst ones are the parents who bend over backwards trying to be "friends" with their teenage children (without boundaries and consequences whatsoever) and end up being so afraid that their children will run away or hurt themselves that they end up being manipulated by their children, because children being children, pick up on our "weaknesses" very easily... and they can smell fear a mile away.
I just try to bring them up right, imbibing the right values from the start, not waiting until they are "older and when they can understand" but already drilling it in from day one... Giving them a good relationship with us, and having them witness a good stable relationship between hubby and I... I think stability and clear expectations help to pave the way to less nonsense... not that it is foolproof... but it's the best we can do... and pray that they will just not be led astray anyway.
Having said all that, I also know of the 1 out the 10 who seem to come from perfectly loving and nurturing environments and yet go astray... and the only consolation I can think of is that if their environment had been any worse, they might be beyond rescuing...
Don't know, just my 2c worth.
I don't know how old your son is - I guess handling it would be different at different age groups.
Mine will get angry (he used to cry when he was younger), but I've explained to my children that it is normal to feel disappointed when they lose or don't get what they want, but crying or getting angry and venting it on people is not going to help... and it might turn people off from playing with you in the future. So I allow them to be disappointed for a short while, after which I tell them that they are old enough to control their tears and get them to stop. Then I give them the option of continuing with the game or going off to do something else while reminding them that if they stomp off each time they lose, people might not like to start a game with them the next time.
So far, it's slowly sinking in. Plus the close age between the older two helps give them practice in give and take... and so they get plenty of practice.