ALZHEIMER'S CATCHES A MOTHER'S EYE
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Boyd, 23, was a few months pregnant when the fliers for baby products and services started arriving. One day a brochure from a San Bruno, Calif., company called Cord Blood Registry appeared in her mailbox.
It explained how cord blood could be used to treat dozens of blood and immune system disorders and one day might be the cure for a range of other diseases.
One word stopped her: Alzheimer's. The degenerative brain disease runs in her family. There is no cure now, but maybe cord blood could help her child decades in the future, she thought.
"I can't imagine what they are going to do with stem cells 20 years from now," Boyd said.
She searched the Web and found a dozen companies that banked umbilical cord blood.
Her mother was skeptical until Boyd explained that stem cells were the future of medicine.
While her husband, an Army sergeant, was in Iraq, Boyd settled on Family Cord Blood Services. The company impressed her with a personalized letter and an informational DVD. It offered a free year of storage for military families.
"It just felt right," Boyd said later. "I went with my heart."
A week after she signed up, a collection kit arrived. It included a blood bag, labels, clamps, a shipping box and instructions for the doctor.
On May 16, a minute after Olivia was born, a doctor inserted a needle into the umbilical cord and let the blood drain into the bag. The sample was flown to Los Angeles and soon the name Boyd was entered into a logbook, below customers from New Haven, Conn., Jonesboro, Ark., Lima, Peru, and Mexico City.
Pregnant women everywhere are deluged with advertising for cord blood banking.
"What if I could help her survive a stroke?" reads one magazine advertisement for Cryo-Cell International Inc., based in Oldsmar, Fla.
Beneath the picture of a brown-eyed baby, the ad continues: "Imagine taking a step now, before she's born, that could turn the miracle of her life into a future medical miracle."
When the first cord blood company started in the early 1990s, nobody was thinking about using the cells to treat conditions such as Alzheimer's, diabetes or stroke. The businesses hoped to capitalize on the difficulty of finding suitable bone marrow donors.
Both bone marrow and cord blood contain a type of stem cell known as a hematopoietic cell that is responsible for generating all types of blood cells, including those responsible for the immune system.
Most commonly, hematopoietic cells are used in leukemia patients to rebuild bone marrow that is destroyed by chemotherapy. Other diseases they are used for include various forms of anemia, in which the marrow produces insufficient numbers of red blood cells.
Business was slow at first because such diseases are rare; it was difficult to persuade people to store blood.
Then came the stem cell craze.