KY. here's the milestones for a 5 year old. This is American Standard.
Children develop intellectually, physically and socially, step by step, in a progressive manner. Skills are learned gradually as a child moves through the stages of development. In order to provide an age appropriate program with activities that enhance the numerous stages of growth and development in children, the adult should have a good understanding of where the child is coming from, where the child is at currently, and where he or she is heading in the near future, developmentally.
The following information will provide a basic overview of patterns of development in the growing child.
The 5 Year Old
What a great age! Your five-year-old is probably very sociable, thrilled to have a good play with her friends, or with a "best friend." She has tons of energy, and she needs it for dressing up, building, pretending, riding, running. Her imagination drives much of her play - a five-year-old can imagine that a pine cone is an enchanted jewel, that a twig is a potential magic wand.
Your child is developing many new skills. Perhaps she can ride a trike, or even a tiny two-wheeler, with confidence. She can use scissors and other handy gadgets for her projects and crafts. She comes up with interesting questions about the world around her. And when your five-year-old asks why, it won't be an idle inquiry - she'll want to know the answer because her ability to understand and remember your explanations is growing in leaps and bounds.
Your child is developing many new skills. Perhaps she can ride a trike, or even a tiny two-wheeler, with confidence. She can use scissors and other handy gadgets for her projects and crafts. She comes up with interesting questions about the world around her. And when your five-year-old asks why, it won't be an idle inquiry - she'll want to know the answer because her ability to understand and remember your explanations is growing in leaps and bounds.
She also likes to be with you, helping out with little jobs, sharing jokes and stories. In a way, this is a special time for parents. A five-year-old's focus is still firmly on her home and family - the allure and excitement of school, friends and outside activities are yet to come. Enjoy!
Cognitive Development
understands about 13,000 words
has a rapidly expanding vocabulary
uses 5-8 words in a sentence
likes to argue and reason; use words like "because"
knows basic colors like red, yellow, blue, green, orange
able to memorize address and phone number
understands that stories have a beginning, middle, and end
able to remember stories and repeat them
enjoys creating and telling stories
understands that books are read from left to right, top to bottom
enjoys riddles and jokes
draws pictures that represent animals, people, and objects
enjoys tracing or copying letters
can place objects in order from shortest to tallest
can understand and use comparative terms like big, bigger, or biggest
sorts objects by size
identifies some letters of the alphabet and a few numbers (if taught)
understands "more," "less," and "same"
counts up to 10 objects
recognizes categories ("These are all animals; these are all toys.")
understands before and after, above, and below
block and dramatic play is much more elaborate and complex
has good attention span and can concentrate well
is project minded - plans buildings, play scenarios, and drawings
interested in cause and effect
can understand time concepts like yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Knows full name, address and age
Loves to learn
Can usually separate fact from fantasy
Language Development
Receptive Language
4-5 years
Children in this age range enjoy stories and can answer simple questions about them. He or she hears and understands nearly everything that is said to them at home or at pre-school or day care. Your child's ability to hear properly all the time should not be in doubt. If you are in doubt about your child's hearing, see a clinical audiologist. If you are in doubt about language comprehension, see a speech-language pathologist.
Expressive Language
4-5 years
Your child speaks clearly and fluently in an easy-to-listen-to voice. He or she can construct long and detailed sentences ("We went to the zoo but we had to come home early because Josie wasn't feeling well"). He or she can tell a long and involved story sticking to the topic, and using "adult-like" grammar. Most sounds are pronounced correctly, though he or she may lisping as a four year old, or, at five, still have difficulty with "r", "v" and "th". Your child can communicate easily with familiar adults and with other children. They may tell fantastic "tall stories" and engage strangers in conversation when you are out together.
Physical Development
weight: 31-57 pounds
height: 39-48 inches
requires approximately 1,700 calories daily
sleeps 10-11 hours at night
may begin to loose baby teeth and acquire secondary teeth
able to dress self with little assistance
learns to skip
throws ball overhead
catches bounced balls
rides a tricycle skillfully; may show interest in riding a bicycle with training wheels
balances on either foot for 5-10 seconds
uses a fork and knife well
cuts on a line with scissors
left or right hand dominance is established
walks down stairs, alternating feet without using a handrail
jumps over low objects
can run, gallop, hop and tumble
can skip and run on tiptoe
can jump rope
interested in performing tricks like standing on head, performing dance steps
capable of learning complex body coordination skills like swimming, ice or roller skating, and riding bicycles
may be able to tie shoelaces
may be able to copy simple designs and shapes
Has increased poise and coordination
Dresses and undresses with little assistance (can button and zip)
Ascends stairs with alternating feet
Social/Emotional Development
invents games with simple rules
organizes other children and toys for pretend play
still confuses fantasy with reality sometimes
often fears loud noises, the dark, animals, and some people
can take turns and share, but doesn't always want to
expresses anger and jealousy physically
likes to test muscular strength and motor skills, but is not emotionally ready for competition
carries on conversations with other children and adults
often excludes other children in play - best friends only
uses swear words or "bathroom words" to get attention
sometimes can be very bossy
likes to try new things and take risks
likes to make own decisions
notices when another child is angry or sad - more sensitive to feelings of others
prefers company of one or two children at a time; may become bossy or sulky when others join in
likes to feel grown up; boasts about self to younger, less capable children
begins to have a very basic understanding of right and wrong
plays contentedly and independently without constant supervision
takes turns and shares (sometimes)
understands and respects rules - often asks permission
understands and enjoys both giving and receiving
enjoys collecting things
sometimes needs to get away and be alone
can understand relationships between people and similarities and differences in other families
seeks adult approval
sometimes critical of other children and embarrassed by own mistakes
less fearful of the world than toddlers because understands the world better
has a good sense of humor, and enjoys sharing jokes and laughter with adults
Ideas for Care Givers
Encourage body coordination and sense of balance by playing "Follow the Leader" with skipping, galloping, and hopping. Skip or jump rope to
music, teach folk dances and games, provide a balance beam, a tree for climbing, and a knotted rope suspended from a sturdy frame.
Teach sack-walking and "twist-em," "statue," or "freeze" games to provide an outlet for their drive for physical activity.
Play games that can teach right and left directions, like "Hokey-Pokey," "Looby-Loo," and "Simon Says."
Help children learn to use a pair of scissors by letting them cut out coupons.
Provide a plastic needle, thread, and beads to encourage small muscle development.
Provide carpentry, take-apart, and put-together experiences with junk clocks and old small appliances.
Show children how to repair toys and books.
Add drama to your reading sessions each day by using different voices for different characters. While reading a familiar story, stop before the end and ask children to add their own end to the story.
Ask 5-year-olds to tell you a story. Write it down and post it on the wall or refrigerator.
Ask "what if" questions. What if there were five little pigs instead of three? What if Little Red Riding Hood saw a rabbit instead of a wolf?
Involve children in writing "thank-you" notes, holiday greeting cards, and letters. If a 5-year-old enjoys copying letters, let him dictate a
short message to you and copy it from your writing. Old typewriters are favorite writing tools.
Give 5-year-olds opportunities to sort, group, match, count, and sequence with real life situations such as setting the table, counting the number of turns, sorting out socks, and matching fabric swatches. Lotto games and card games such as "fish" involve matching pairs.
Help children learn to make rules and play simple games by providing opportunities for them to play in small groups.
Help children understand and cope with strong feelings by giving them words to use when they are angry. "I can see you are SAD about going home, ANGRY at your friend . . . "
Observe how a child plays with other children. Teach him to request, bargain, negotiate, and apologize.
Take questions seriously. Talk to children about what happens and why. Give answers they
can understand.
Specific praise helps children understand the true value of their actions. Say "Stacking those toys on the shelf that way really helped - thanks!" rather than "You did a good job!"
Provide a comfortable place to be alone. A large cardboard box makes a wonderful hideaway.
Take fears seriously. Reassure children that you will make sure that nothing bad will happen to them.
Allow 5-year-olds some privacy in the toilet. Remind them to wash their hands until it becomes
a habit.
Be patient with the untidiness and clutter. Allow plenty of time to clean up. It helps to store and organize materials on low, open shelves so that they can be found and put away easily.
Five-year-olds will show an increasing interest in numbers. Encourage them to count anything
of interest - cups, leaves, drums, bells, number of children absent, meters, etc.
Encourage interest in jokes, nonsense, and riddles by reading humorous stories, riddles, and nonsense rhymes. Join them in jokes from school, books, and TV.
Give opportunities to express dramatic and creative interest. Teach children how to move their bodies to dramatize the opening of a flower, falling snow, leaves, or rain; wiggly worms and snakes; and laundry blowing in the wind.
And this is for a 6 year old. American Standard.
The 6 Year Old Child
Cognitive Development
may reverse printed letters (b/d)
enjoys planning and building
doubles speaking and listening vocabularies
reading may become a major interest
increased problem-solving ability
interested in magic and tricks
longer attention span
enjoys creating elaborate collections
able to learn difference between left and right
can begin to understand time and the days of the week
likes taking responsibility for simple household chores
likes to make simple decisions
counts to 100
asks endless "how-what-when-where-why" questions
continues to refine concepts of shape, space, time, color, and numbers
begins to understand the difference between intentional and accidental
begins to understand differences of opinion
still has a short attention span (about 15 minutes maximum)
enjoys dramatic play
Language Development
Although language has vastly improved, when it comes to written language, it is common for six year olds to have word reversals or letter reversals. This is the result of perceptual motor skills that are not quite fully developed and are not necessarily an indication of dyslexia.
Ironically, schools today tend to push reading at the kindergarten level when many children are only five years of age or nearing the age of six. Yet, the cognitive changes that need to occur in order for a child to learn to read traditionally manifest somewhere around the age of 6 - 6 1/2 years of age.
Physical Development
skilled at using scissors and small tools
development of permanent teeth
enjoys testing muscle strength and skills
good sense of balance
can catch small balls
can tie shoelaces
enjoys copying designs and shapes, letters and numbers
can print name
long arms and legs may give gawky awkward appearance loves active play can be reckless (does not understand dangers completely)
is still improving basic motor skills
is still not well coordinated
begins to learn some specific sports skills like batting a ball
tires easily
dawdles much of the time
is fascinated with the subject of teeth
may become a more finicky eater
uses crayons and paints with some skill, but has difficulty writing and cutting
may resist baths
Social/Emotional Development
may have unpredictable mood swings
is quite sensitive to criticism
has a problem admitting a mistake
feels quite guilty about mistakes
evaluates self and friends
begins to impose rules on play activities
cooperates with other children with some difficulty
has difficulty considering the feelings of others
values independence
being with friends becomes increasingly important
interested in rules and rituals
girls want to play more with girls; boys with boys
may have a best friend and an enemy
strong desire to perform well, do things right
begins to see things from another child's point of view, but still very self-centered
finds criticism or failure difficult to handle
views things as black and white, right or wrong, wonderful or terrible, with very little middle ground
seeks a sense of security in groups, organized play, and clubs
generally enjoys caring for and playing with younger children
may become upset when behavior or school work is ignored
Ideas for Care Givers
Provide opportunities for active play. Throwing at targets, running, jumping rope, tumbling, and aerobics may be of interest.
Provide opportunities to develop an understanding of rules by playing simple table games: cards, dominoes, tic-tac-toe, etc.
Provide opportunities for children to do noncompetitive team activities such as working a jigsaw puzzle or planting a garden.
Encourage children's sense of accomplishment by providing opportunities to build models, cook, make crafts, practice music, or work with wood.
Encourage children's collections by allowing them to make special boxes or books in which to store their collections.
Encourage reading and writing by allowing children to produce stories with scripts, create music for plays and puppet shows, produce a newspaper, record events, go on field trips, or conduct experiments.
Help children explore their world by taking field trips to museums, work places, and other neighborhoods. Invite community helpers to your home.
Tempted to try out some recipes too? 