pasal flashcards, kan...through my experience, i tried flashcards and books, and found that books were more useful than cards. my boy now understand the concept of taking a book from his shelf and sitting down to read it. although he's not really reading it, but he imitates the way i read to him and he points things out in the pages, like cat, then he'll say "meow" and dog he'll say "gong".
flashcards are good, but my son doesn't really associate it with the objects. he prefers that i point out the actual object that he can hold, like "kasut" and i hold up his shoe. "botol", "sikat", "tuala", etc.
he also knows actions like "buka", "tutup", "put it back", etc.